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Reference

Glossary

Short, plain-English definitions. Each term links to the guides that cover it properly.

"

"Universal" fitting · also universal coupling
A maker's name for a fitting that covers several tubing sizes. The fit is the stated range, not the word: Orbit lists its 67466 universal coupling for .620-.710 in OD. Read more: "Universal" drip fittings: the OD range behind NUTLOC, Smart Loc and Orbit

1

1/2 in poly tubing · also 1/2 in mainline, 1/2 in supply tubing
Polyethylene mainline sold as 1/2 in. The name covers several sizes: Rain Bird lists 0.63, 0.70 and 0.71 in OD, DIG lists .600 x .700 in, and Raindrip's 062010P is .620 x .710 in. Read more: What size is your 1/2 in drip tubing? .620, .700 and .710 OD, 1/2 in and 3/4 in drip tubing, by outside diameter
1/4 in microtubing · also distribution tubing, feeder tubing
Small tubing that carries water from a larger line to emitters. DIG lists 1/4 in poly at .170 x .250 in, and its vinyl table lists other 1/4 in sizes, so the name is not one dimension. Read more: 1/4 in drip tubing is a family: .170 x .250 and the other sizes, 1/4 in microtubing, connectors, punches and goof plugs
10-32 thread · also 10/32
A small screw thread used on some emission devices. Rain Bird sells Xeri-Bug emitters with a 10-32 inlet and a PFR-12 riser for 10-32 threaded devices, rated 15-50 psi. Read more: Micro-sprays, jets and bubblers: flow, adjustment and their own zone, 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 GPH: drip emitter flow, color codes and inlets
16 mm tubing · also 17 mm
Metric names for the 1/2 in class of tubing and fittings. DIG labels its 1/2 in barbed fittings 16 and 17 mm, and Claber groups 13-16 mm tubing as 1/2 in. Read more: Joining metric 4/7 mm and 16 mm tubing to US drip parts, Compression, barbed or locking-nut drip fittings: how each one grips

3

3/4 in poly tubing
Larger polyethylene mainline. DIG lists its 3/4 in tubing at .820 in ID by .940 in OD with a .060 in wall, rated up to 60 psi. Read more: 1/2 in and 3/4 in drip tubing, by outside diameter

4

4/7 mm tubing · also 4x7 mm
Metric microtubing named in millimeters. AquaGrow's 4/7 mm tee asks buyers to confirm actual inner and outer dimensions before ordering and lists no pressure rating. Read more: Joining metric 4/7 mm and 16 mm tubing to US drip parts, 1/4 in drip tubing is a family: .170 x .250 and the other sizes

A

Adjustable emitter · also adjustable dripper
An emitter or bubbler whose flow you set by turning a cap. Adjustable is not the same as pressure-compensating: DIG's Adjustable Mini-Bubbler works at 15-30 PSI and DIG does not call it PC. Read more: Micro-sprays, jets and bubblers: flow, adjustment and their own zone, Pressure-compensating vs non-PC drip emitters: what the ratings and studies say
Adjustable regulator
A regulator whose outlet pressure can be set. DIG's adjustable regulators come in 12-35 psi (white, 18-008) and 28-60 psi (red, 18-007). Read more: Drip pressure regulators: outlet PSI, flow range and static pressure
Affiliate disclosure
A statement that a site earns from links to stores. The FTC says affiliate marketers should disclose the relationship clearly and conspicuously, and the closer the disclosure is to the recommendation, the better. Read more: Buying drip parts on Amazon or AliExpress
Authorized distributor · also authorized dealer
A seller a maker names as an approved channel. DIG's where-to-buy page lists authorized distributors and online stores, including Drip Depot and The Home Depot, and DIG says it does not sell directly to the public. Read more: Buying drip parts on Amazon or AliExpress

B

Backflow
The unintended reversal of flow through a cross-connection. The EPA describes it as used or non-potable water flowing back into the drinking water system. Read more: Backflow preventers on a drip faucet: what they are and who decides
Backflow preventer
A device meant to stop water flowing back into the supply. DIG's D45 has a 3/4 in FHT inlet and MHT outlet and cannot be used under continuous pressure. Which device a faucet needs is for your water utility or local plumbing authority to decide. Read more: Backflow preventers on a drip faucet: what they are and who decides, Drip faucet head assembly
Barbed insert fitting · also insert fitting
A fitting whose ridged barb pushes inside the tubing. DIG labels its 1/2 in barbed fittings 16 and 17 mm, and Rain Bird lists its XF insert fittings as 17 mm barb-style, rated 0-50 psi. Read more: Compression, barbed or locking-nut drip fittings: how each one grips, Joining metric 4/7 mm and 16 mm tubing to US drip parts
Blank tubing · also supply tubing
Tubing with no built-in emitters, used to carry water to where it is needed. Rain Bird sells 1/2 in blank distribution tubing as T63, T70 and T71. Read more: Rain Bird T63, T70 and T71 tubing, and which Easy-Fit parts take them, 1/2 in and 3/4 in drip tubing, by outside diameter
Brand storefront
A brand's own page on a marketplace. Rain Bird's where-to-buy page links to a Rain Bird brand storefront on Amazon; each offer's 'Sold by' line still needs checking. Read more: Buying drip parts on Amazon or AliExpress
Bubbler
A device that floods a small area at a higher flow than a dripper. Rain Bird's 1300A-F bubbler is listed at 1.0-2.3 GPM over 10-60 psi. Read more: Micro-sprays, jets and bubblers: flow, adjustment and their own zone, Drip emitters for trees and shrubs: placement, flow and bubblers
Button emitter
A small, round emitter with a barb inlet. DIG's standard button emitters come in .5, 1 and 2 GPH and are rated for 15-25 PSI. Read more: 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 GPH: drip emitter flow, color codes and inlets

C

Carbon black
A black pigment added to plastic tubing for UV protection. DIG says it adds a minimum of 2% carbon black to its polyethylene tubing. Read more: Vinyl vs polyethylene 1/4 in tubing: sizes, heat and barbs
Check-valve dripline · also CV dripline
Drip line with a valve that keeps water from draining out after shut-off. Netafim's Techline CV has one. Rain Bird's XFD does not; Rain Bird's check-valve model is XFCV. Read more: Drip line: flow, spacing, pressure and run length, Drip line spacing and maximum run length: read the maker's table
Clogging
Blocked emitter passages that cut or stop flow. A 2020 study ran four types of PC button emitters for 980 hours and found three showed satisfactory clogging resistance; DIG advises keeping drippers above ground or under mulch rather than burying them. Read more: Drip emitters not dripping or uneven: what to check, Drip filter mesh: 150 vs 200 and what your emitters ask for
Compensation range
The pressure range over which a pressure-compensating emitter holds its rated flow. DIG lists 7.25-58 PSI for its PC button emitters. Read more: Pressure-compensating vs non-PC drip emitters: what the ratings and studies say, 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 GPH: drip emitter flow, color codes and inlets
Compression fitting
A fitting that grips the outside of the tubing, so the OD decides fit. DIG lists its green-insert compression fittings for .620-.630 in OD tubing. Read more: Compression, barbed or locking-nut drip fittings: how each one grips, Green, black or blue? DIG compression inserts by tubing OD
Compression insert · also color ring
The colored insert inside a compression fitting that matches one tubing OD. On DIG fittings, green is .620-.630 in, black is .700 in and blue is .710 in OD. DIG's colors apply to DIG's fittings only. Read more: Green, black or blue? DIG compression inserts by tubing OD
Coupling · also tee, elbow
A fitting that joins two tubes end to end. A tee joins three tubes, and an elbow turns a corner. Read more: Drip mainline fittings, by tubing OD, Compression, barbed or locking-nut drip fittings: how each one grips
Cross-connection
An actual or potential link between a drinking water supply and non-potable plumbing. The EPA notes cross-connections can occur between public water systems and private irrigation systems. Read more: Backflow preventers on a drip faucet: what they are and who decides

D

De minimis · also de minimis exemption
US duty-free treatment for low-value imports. As of 2026-10-15, CBP says its suspension took effect August 29, 2025, and on June 24, 2026 it announced rules suspending it indefinitely for imports of $800 or less. Check current CBP guidance. Read more: Buying drip parts on Amazon or AliExpress
Disc filter · also disk filter
A filter made of stacked grooved discs that trap particles in their grooves. UF/IFAS describes disc filters as an alternative to screen filters in drip systems. Read more: Drip filter mesh: 150 vs 200 and what your emitters ask for
Distribution uniformity · also uneven watering
How evenly a system delivers water across its emitters. USU Extension lists pressure variation, manufacturing variation, spacing, disrepair, clogging, weather, irrigation duration and soil infiltration as common causes of uneven irrigation. Read more: Drip emitters not dripping or uneven: what to check
Drip line · also dripline, emitter tubing
Tubing with emitters built in at a fixed spacing. DIG's 1/4 in Microline has emitters every 6, 9 or 12 in. Read more: Drip line: flow, spacing, pressure and run length, Drip line, loose emitters or micro-sprays for a bed or row

E

Emitter · also dripper
A device that releases water slowly at a rated flow, usually given in gallons per hour. Read more: Drip emitters: flow, pressure range and inlet, 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 GPH: drip emitter flow, color codes and inlets
Emitter spacing
The distance between the built-in emitters on drip line. DIG Microline comes at 6, 9 or 12 in; Netafim's Techline CV at 12, 18 or 24 in. Read more: Drip line spacing and maximum run length: read the maker's table
End closure · also end cap
A part that closes the end of a line. Orbit's 67468 end cap is listed for .620-.710 in OD tubing. Read more: Drip tubing end caps, figure-8 closures and flush points

F

FHT (female hose thread) · also female hose thread
Hose thread on the inside of a part, like the end of a hose that screws onto a faucet. DIG's D45 backflow preventer has a 3/4 in FHT inlet. Read more: FHT, MHT, FPT and MPT: hose thread vs pipe thread on drip parts
Figure-8 end closure · also figure-8 end cap
An end closure shaped like an 8 that holds the folded-back end of the tubing. Rain Bird says to remove figure-8 end caps to drain a line when there are no flush caps, then refit them loosely because they do not need to hold pressure. Read more: Drip tubing end caps, figure-8 closures and flush points, How to winterize drip irrigation
Flowing pressure · also dynamic pressure
Pressure while water is moving, which is what a standard regulator controls. Senninger notes that a standard regulator does not hold pressure down once flow stops. Read more: Drip pressure regulators: outlet PSI, flow range and static pressure
Flushing
Running water through open line ends to clear debris. DIG's checklist says to open the mainline ends and flush them during a manual run, and to clean the filter under running water. Read more: Drip emitters not dripping or uneven: what to check, Drip tubing end caps, figure-8 closures and flush points
FPT (female pipe thread) · also FNPT, female pipe thread
Pipe thread on the inside of a part. DIG lists its 24-029 adapter for .700 in OD tubing with a 3/4 in FNPT end. Read more: FHT, MHT, FPT and MPT: hose thread vs pipe thread on drip parts
Free Return (AliExpress) · also Free Returns
AliExpress's free returns program. Its terms apply only to participating products, and the return window depends on the seller's location and what the order page shows. Read more: Buying drip parts on Amazon or AliExpress

G

Garden hose thread (GHT) · also GHT
The common name for the threads on outdoor faucets and hoses. ASME B1.20.7 covers hose coupling screw threads from 1/2 to 4 in, but its page does not use the name 'garden hose thread'. Read more: FHT, MHT, FPT and MPT: hose thread vs pipe thread on drip parts
Goof plug
A small barbed plug that closes an unwanted hole. DIG's G79B has a .200 in OD end and a .400 in OD end for different hole sizes. Read more: Drip hole punches and goof plugs: sizes and when a plug is not enough
GPH (gallons per hour) · also gallons per hour
Gallons per hour, the usual flow unit for drip emitters and drip line in the US. Read more: 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 GPH: drip emitter flow, color codes and inlets
GPM (gallons per minute) · also gallons per minute
Gallons per minute, the flow unit used for regulators, filters, bubblers and whole zones. Read more: Drip pressure regulators: outlet PSI, flow range and static pressure

H

Head assembly · also faucet head, faucet assembly
The parts between the faucet and the tubing, such as a backflow device, filter, regulator and tubing adapter. Mister Landscaper's order for its own system is backflow device, timer, regulator, 150-mesh filter, then poly fitting; makers differ. Read more: Drip faucet head assembly: the parts, the threads and the maker's order, Drip faucet head assembly
Hole punch · also drip punch
A tool that makes a clean hole for a barb. UMaine Extension says to use a punch made for drip tubing and matched to the barb, never a nail; DIG lists 2, 3 and 4 mm punches. Read more: Drip hole punches and goof plugs: sizes and when a plug is not enough, Connect 1/4 in tubing to a 1/2 in line: barbs, tees and takeoffs
Hose connection vacuum breaker · also hose bibb vacuum breaker
A backflow device that screws onto a hose faucet. ASSE's standards list includes ASSE 1011-2023 for hose connection vacuum breakers and ASSE 1052-2023 for hose connection backflow preventers. A listed standard says nothing about a given product; your water utility decides what is required. Read more: Backflow preventers on a drip faucet: what they are and who decides

I

Inline emitter
An emitter fitted in line between two pieces of 1/4 in tubing. DIG's inline emitters are rated 0.5 GPH and 1 GPH at 15 psi, with flow that changes with inlet pressure. Read more: 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 GPH: drip emitter flow, color codes and inlets, Pressure-compensating vs non-PC drip emitters: what the ratings and studies say
Inside diameter (ID) · also ID
The distance across the inside of a tube. Barbs go inside, so ID matters for barbed and locking-nut fittings. DIG lists its 1/2 in tubing at .600 in ID by .700 in OD. Read more: How to measure drip tubing before you buy fittings, Compression, barbed or locking-nut drip fittings: how each one grips
ISO 9261
An international standard for agricultural irrigation emitters and emitting pipe. A national standards listing describes ISO 9261:2004 as setting mechanical and functional requirements and test methods, including the data makers must supply. A standard's scope does not certify any product. Read more: Reading drip part specs and listings

L

L/h (liters per hour) · also liters per hour, lph
Liters per hour, the metric flow unit for emitters. One US gallon is about 3.785 liters, so 1 GPH is about 3.785 L/h. Read more: 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 GPH: drip emitter flow, color codes and inlets, Joining metric 4/7 mm and 16 mm tubing to US drip parts
Lateral
A drip line or tube that branches off a supply line and carries water to emitters. Read more: Drip line spacing and maximum run length: read the maker's table
Locking-nut fitting · also spin-lock, nut-lock
A fitting with a barb inside the tubing and a nut that locks over the outside. DIG lists NUTLOC for .530, .600 or .620 in ID (.630-.710 in OD); Orbit's 67466 uses a hand-twisted nut for .620-.710 in OD. Read more: "Universal" drip fittings: the OD range behind NUTLOC, Smart Loc and Orbit, Compression, barbed or locking-nut drip fittings: how each one grips

M

Maker claim
A figure or statement that comes from the maker, such as a flow rating at a stated pressure. DIG rates its inline emitters at 0.5 or 1 GPH at 15 psi, and the flow changes at other pressures. Read more: Reading drip part specs and listings
Maximum lateral length · also maximum run
The longest single run a maker allows for a drip line at a given pressure and spacing. DIG lists 28 ft for Microline at 12 in spacing and 25 psi; Rain Bird lists 273 ft at 15 psi and 460 ft at 60 psi for XFD at 0.6 GPH, 12 in. Read more: Drip line spacing and maximum run length: read the maker's table
Mesh rating · also mesh
The number of screen openings per inch; a higher number means smaller openings. Clemson HGIC defines 150 mesh as 150 openings over one inch, and a USU table lists 150 mesh at 0.100 mm and 200 mesh at 0.074 mm. Read more: Drip filter mesh: 150 vs 200 and what your emitters ask for
MHT (male hose thread) · also male hose thread
Hose thread on the outside of a part, like a faucet spout. DIG's D45 backflow preventer has a 3/4 in MHT outlet. Read more: FHT, MHT, FPT and MPT: hose thread vs pipe thread on drip parts
Micro-spray · also micro-sprayer, jet
A small sprayer that wets an area instead of a point. DIG sells adjustable jets as bare 10/32 heads or as assemblies with a stake, riser and 1/4 in barb; CSU Extension advises a separate zone for micro-sprays because they use much more water. Read more: Micro-sprays, jets and bubblers: flow, adjustment and their own zone, Micro-sprays, jets and bubblers
Micron · also micrometer
One thousandth of a millimeter, used for filter openings. UF/IFAS lists 150 mesh as 105 microns (0.105 mm) and 200 mesh as 74 microns (0.074 mm). Read more: Drip filter mesh: 150 vs 200 and what your emitters ask for
MPT (male pipe thread) · also MNPT, male pipe thread
Pipe thread on the outside of a part. DIG's D49 nipple has male hose thread on one end and male pipe thread on the other. Read more: FHT, MHT, FPT and MPT: hose thread vs pipe thread on drip parts
Multi-outlet dripper · also manifold dripper
One dripper with several outlets, each feeding its own tube. DIG's PC4-DA has four outlets at .25, .5 or 1 GPH each. Read more: 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 GPH: drip emitter flow, color codes and inlets, Drip for pots and hanging baskets: emitters, 1/4 in tubing and stakes

N

Nominal size
The trade name of a size, such as 1/2 in, rather than a measurement. One name can cover several sizes: Rain Bird sells 1/2 in blank tubing at 0.63, 0.70 and 0.71 in OD. Read more: What size is your 1/2 in drip tubing? .620, .700 and .710 OD, Rain Bird T63, T70 and T71 tubing, and which Easy-Fit parts take them
Non-pressure-compensating · also non-PC
An emitter whose flow rises and falls with pressure. DIG rates its inline emitters at 15 psi and shows the flow changing with inlet pressure. Read more: Pressure-compensating vs non-PC drip emitters: what the ratings and studies say
NPT · also national pipe taper
Tapered pipe thread. ASME B1.20.1 covers general-purpose inch pipe threads, including NPT, separately from the hose threads in ASME B1.20.7. Read more: FHT, MHT, FPT and MPT: hose thread vs pipe thread on drip parts

O

Outside diameter (OD) · also OD
The distance across the outside of a tube. It decides which compression fitting fits. DIG, for example, lists its 1/2 in tubing at .600 in ID by .700 in OD. Read more: How to measure drip tubing before you buy fittings, What size is your 1/2 in drip tubing? .620, .700 and .710 OD

P

Polyethylene (PE) · also PE, LLDPE, poly
The plastic most drip tubing is made of. DIG's 2016 catalog lists 1/4 in micro tubing of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) at .170 x .250 in. Read more: Vinyl vs polyethylene 1/4 in tubing: sizes, heat and barbs
Preset regulator · also fixed regulator
A regulator with a fixed outlet pressure. DIG's heavy-duty preset regulators come in 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 PSI for flows of .5-12 GPM. Read more: Drip pressure regulators: outlet PSI, flow range and static pressure
Pressure loss · also friction loss
The drop in pressure as water moves along tubing. A Utah State University Extension presentation shows pressure loss along 1/4 in tubing lowering emitter flow farther from the manifold more than along 1/2 in tubing. Read more: Drip emitters not dripping or uneven: what to check, Drip line spacing and maximum run length: read the maker's table
Pressure regulator · also regulator
A device that lowers water pressure to a set outlet pressure while water flows. Senninger recommends an inlet pressure at least 5 psi above the expected outlet pressure for its regulators. Read more: Drip pressure regulators: outlet PSI, flow range and static pressure, Drip faucet head assembly
Pressure-compensating (PC) · also PC
An emitter that holds a near-constant flow across a pressure range. A 2019 study describes PC emitters as giving constant flow above the lower limit of their compensating range and orifice-type flow below it. Read more: Pressure-compensating vs non-PC drip emitters: what the ratings and studies say
psi · also pounds per square inch
Pounds per square inch, the US unit for water pressure. Drip parts list the range they are made to run in. Read more: Drip pressure regulators: outlet PSI, flow range and static pressure
Push-to-connect fitting · also Drip-Lock, push-fit
A fitting the tubing pushes into, with a release to take it out. Orbit's 67491 Drip-Lock coupling is push-on with a release tab, listed for .690, .700 and .710 in OD. Read more: "Universal" drip fittings: the OD range behind NUTLOC, Smart Loc and Orbit, Compression, barbed or locking-nut drip fittings: how each one grips

R

Reducing coupling · also reducer
A coupling with a different size on each end. DIG's D50G joins .700 to .620 in OD tubing, and its D50B joins .700 to .710 in OD tubing. Read more: Join .700 drip tubing to .620 or .710 tubing
Riser
A short tube that lifts a sprayer or emitter above the ground or plants. Rain Bird's PFR-12 PolyFlex riser works with 10-32 threaded devices at 15-50 psi. Read more: Micro-sprays, jets and bubblers: flow, adjustment and their own zone

S

Screen filter
A filter that traps particles on a woven screen rated by mesh. Clemson HGIC says drip systems need at least a 150-mesh filter, with some emitters needing 200 mesh. Read more: Drip filter mesh: 150 vs 200 and what your emitters ask for, Drip faucet head assembly
Self-piercing barb
A barb with a point that pierces the tubing wall itself. Rain Bird's SPB-025 joins 1/4 in tubing to 1/2 or 3/4 in tubing and is inserted with the XM-Tool. Read more: Connect 1/4 in tubing to a 1/2 in line: barbs, tees and takeoffs
Seller of record · also Sold by
The business that actually sells you an item on a marketplace. Amazon tells shoppers to check 'Sold by' and 'Ships from' to see who sells and fulfills a third-party item. Read more: Buying drip parts on Amazon or AliExpress
Soaker hose · also porous tubing, soaker tubing
Porous tubing that seeps water along its whole length instead of through emitters. Raindrip's 015005T is a 50 ft recycled-rubber soaker hose, not pressure-compensating, meant for short runs on flat ground. Read more: Soaker hose vs drip line: porous tubing vs fixed emitters
Spray-to-drip retrofit · also sprinkler conversion
Converting a sprinkler spray head to drip. Rain Bird's 1800-RETRO, for example, drops into an existing Rain Bird 1804 spray body. Read more: Convert a sprinkler zone to drip: retrofit kits by spray body and riser
Stake
A spike that holds tubing or an emitter in place. DIG sells 5 in galvanized wire stakes for 1/4 in tubing and 8 in stakes for 1/2 in tubing. Read more: Drip for pots and hanging baskets: emitters, 1/4 in tubing and stakes, 1/4 in microtubing, connectors, punches and goof plugs
Static pressure
Pressure in a line when no water is flowing. Senninger explains that with a standard regulator and a closed downstream shut-off, inlet pressure can equalize across the regulator, so it does not limit pressure with no flow. Read more: Drip pressure regulators: outlet PSI, flow range and static pressure
Swivel adapter
An adapter with a free-turning threaded end, so it tightens without twisting the line. DIG's 50007 swivel adapter converts a 3/4 in female hose thread to a 3/4 in male pipe thread. Read more: FHT, MHT, FPT and MPT: hose thread vs pipe thread on drip parts, Drip faucet head assembly: the parts, the threads and the maker's order

T

Takeoff
A fitting that taps a smaller line off a larger one, such as a 1/4 in branch from a 1/2 in line. Read more: Connect 1/4 in tubing to a 1/2 in line: barbs, tees and takeoffs
Turbulent-flow emitter · also labyrinth emitter
An emitter that controls flow through a winding path rather than a compensating part. A 2026 lab study found turbulent-flow emitters discharged less as water temperature rose. Read more: Pressure-compensating vs non-PC drip emitters: what the ratings and studies say

V

Vinyl microtubing
Flexible 1/4 in tubing made of vinyl rather than polyethylene. DIG rates its vinyl micro tubing up to 30 psi and says it contains at least 2% carbon black. Read more: Vinyl vs polyethylene 1/4 in tubing: sizes, heat and barbs, 1/4 in drip tubing is a family: .170 x .250 and the other sizes

W

Wall thickness
Half the difference between a tube's OD and ID. DIG lists its 3/4 in tubing with a .060 in wall (.820 x .940 in). Some maker wall figures do not match their own ID and OD, so compare ID and OD instead. Read more: Reading drip part specs and listings, How to measure drip tubing before you buy fittings
WaterSense
An EPA label for water-efficient products. WaterSense labels irrigation controllers and spray sprinkler bodies; drip tubing and emitters are not a labeled category. Read more: Reading drip part specs and listings
Winterization · also winterizing
Preparing a drip system for freezing weather. Rain Bird's steps drain the lines through flush caps or by removing figure-8 end caps, store filters, regulators and backflow preventers indoors, and refit end caps loosely; its drip guide has no compressed-air step. Read more: How to winterize drip irrigation